Tackling the Digital Mess

The other day, a technician came over to help me with an unresponsive computer. After bringing it back to life, he started rifling through my installed programs. “What’s this one for?” he asked. “And this one?” I stared at him blankly. I had no idea. Some programs had been sitting there for months—possibly years—gathering dust like forgotten “tchotchkes” on a desk. (Let’s just say my digital desktop wouldn’t make Marie Kondo proud.)

The real eye-opener came when I reviewed my credit card transactions. Turns out, some of these digital knick-knacks weren’t free. I was paying for subscriptions to things I didn’t even realize I wasn’t using. Not fun!

Now, let’s take this scenario to a grander scale—enterprise-level SaaS clutter.  Saas sprawl is the new buzzword in the tech world, and it’s more than just a fancy term for “a big mess.” SaaS sprawl is messy. It’s expensive. But it’s also downright risky. 

Just like I had to face the truth about my digital clutter, businesses need to confront their tech stacks. Consolidating and auditing your SaaS usage isn’t just about saving a few bucks (though that’s nice). It’s about streamlining operations, improving security, and ensuring that the tools you pay for are the ones you actually need—and use. 

What is SaaS Sprawl?

SaaS sprawl refers to the unchecked growth of SaaS applications within an organization, often resulting from decentralized procurement and use. Employees can easily sign up for SaaS tools with just an email address, bypassing IT or compliance teams. While convenient, this creates significant Saas risks in terms of visibility, compliance, and security.

The Unseen Risks of SaaS and AI Tool Adoption

Security Blind Spots

According to Grip Security’s recent report, 90% of SaaS applications and 91% of AI tools remain unmanaged, leaving organizations vulnerable. Every unsanctioned app or tool increases the attack surface, often lacking the robust security assessments applied to official IT systems.

• Provisioning Problems: A startling 73% of provisioned SaaS licenses remain unused, creating unnecessary costs and open accounts that could be exploited.
• Misconfigurations: Weak access controls and authentication policies can lead to Saas data breaches, especially for applications outside IT’s purview.

AI-Specific Saas Risks

According to the previously quoted report from Grip, AI adoption has surged by 4:1 compared to security governance improvements, leaving 80% of AI apps unsecured. 

AI Saas Security Risks include:

• Data Vulnerability: Employees often upload sensitive data to AI tools without safeguards, increasing the risk of Saas data breaches.
• Compliance Gaps: Using unapproved AI tools can violate data privacy regulations, leading to fines and reputational damage.
• Bias and Inaccuracy: Unchecked AI outputs can lead to discriminatory decisions or inaccurate results, particularly in regulated industries like finance and healthcare.

SaaS Sprawl By the Numbers

• SaaS Usage Growth: Enterprises have seen a 40% increase in SaaS adoption over the past two years, with medium-sized companies leading the charge at 47%. (Grip Report)
• Per Employee Usage: By 2024, employees are using an average of 13 SaaS tools, up from 7 in 2022—a staggering 85% increase. (Grip Report)

This growth is a double-edged sword: while it boosts productivity, it also creates governance headaches for IT and compliance teams.

Why SaaS Sprawl Is a Big Problem in 2024

The SaaS landscape is shifting rapidly, making SaaS sprawl an even greater challenge today. 

Let’s explore why:

1. The Explosion of Niche SaaS Tools

2024 has seen an explosion of highly specialized SaaS tools, designed to cater to precise business needs. While beneficial for specific use cases, these niche tools encourage over-purchasing, as teams add software for narrowly defined tasks without considering redundancy.

2. Hybrid Workplaces Demand More Tools

The hybrid work model has become the norm, driving demand for collaboration and remote management solutions. However, this surge has also led to overlapping functionalities, bloated tech stacks, and underutilized applications.

3. Saas Security Risks

More tools mean more access points for potential breaches. Organizations now face the daunting task of tracking data flows, permissions, and regulatory compliance across a sprawling SaaS ecosystem.

4. Shadow IT

Shadow IT, where teams adopt SaaS tools without IT’s knowledge, exacerbates the issue. This rogue adoption creates blind spots in governance, leaving companies vulnerable to inefficiencies and cyberattacks.

Slack-ing on Security? Risks in Your Saas Tools

We all know that SaaS tools are essential for productivity. These platforms, from Slack and Asana to Google Drive and Jira, help teams collaborate, manage projects, and store data. But as companies adopt more and more of these tools, it’s easy to overlook one key issue: SaaS security.

Here’s a guide to some common SaaS tools, their vulnerabilities, and their associated risks.

Collaboration Tools (Slack, Microsoft Teams, etc.)

Risks: Collaboration platforms like Slack and Microsoft Team have risks that arise from both misconfiguration and over-reliance on third-party apps. Even though these are company-approved tools, data leakage is a major concern. In Slack, a simple mistake in channel permissions can expose sensitive conversations to people who shouldn’t have access.

Both platforms allow third-party integrations, and this is where the problem lies. While these integrations can boost productivity, they also introduce vulnerabilities. If a third-party app is compromised, it can become a gateway for hackers into your system. And because these tools are widely used across teams, unauthorized apps can also easily slip through the cracks, leading to potential shadow IT problems.

Project Management Tools (Jira, Trello, Asana)

Risks: Project management tools like Jira, Trello, and Asana have become the backbone of agile workflows. They’re vital for tracking progress and ensuring project deadlines are met. However, the risks here are often tied to credential sharing and data persistence.

First, sharing login credentials—whether for convenience or lack of proper access management—creates serious vulnerabilities. One compromised account can grant attackers access to the entire project. Additionally, archived tasks or old project boards may still contain sensitive information. Without a strong data retention policy, this information can linger in the system long after it’s needed, exposing your company to unwanted access.

File Sharing Tools (Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive)

Risks: With file-sharing platforms like Google Drive, Dropbox, and OneDrive, the risks often arise from overexposed sharing links and lack of visibility. While these tools are convenient for collaborating on documents, many employees forget to adjust privacy settings. Studies show that nearly 30% of publicly accessible sharing links in file-sharing platforms expose confidential information to unauthorized users.

Another significant concern is that IT teams often lack visibility into how sensitive files are shared externally. If someone outside the company accesses these files, it could lead to severe compliance violations, particularly in industries like healthcare or finance, where strict data protection regulations are in place.

AI Tools (ChatGPT, Jasper, MidJourney)

Risks: AI tools like ChatGPT, Jasper, and MidJourney have seen massive growth, especially as organizations look for ways to automate tasks and enhance creativity. But, while AI tools can be incredibly useful, they also bring a unique set of challenges, especially when it comes to data misuse and lack of governance.

Employees may unknowingly input proprietary or sensitive data into AI platforms without realizing that this data might be retained or used for model training. This could expose critical intellectual property. Moreover, lack of governance around AI usage increases the risks—80% of AI deployments happen without clear governance frameworks, leaving companies vulnerable to misaligned uses and potential security breaches.

How to Spot the Sprawl in Your Organization

Before you can solve SaaS sprawl, you need to recognize the red flags. Here are the most common symptoms that your sprawl has spread too far:

1. Rising Software Costs: If SaaS expenses are climbing faster than ROI, sprawl may be to blame.
2. Confused Teams: Employees aren’t sure which tools to use for specific tasks, leading to wasted time and effort.
3. Redundant Features: Different teams use separate tools that achieve the same outcomes.
4. Lack of Oversight: IT struggles to keep track of licenses, access controls, and application usage.

Steps to Tackle SaaS Sprawl in 2024

1. Conduct a Comprehensive SaaS Audit

Begin with a complete inventory of your SaaS ecosystem. Answer key questions:

• Who is using the tools?
• What are the tools used for?
• How often are they accessed?
• How much do they cost?

2. Centralize SaaS Management

Adopt an SaaS Management Platform (SMP) to consolidate visibility and control. SMPs can:

• Track usage patterns.
• Manage licenses.
• Flag underutilized or risky applications.

3. Implement an Approval Process

Introduce a formal process for adopting new tools. Require teams to seek approval from IT or procurement to:

• Prevent shadow IT.
• Align new tools with organizational goals.
• Minimize redundancies.

4. Consolidate and Standardize Tools

Where possible, replace multiple niche tools with an integrated solution. For example, a single platform for project management, file sharing, and communication can simplify workflows and reduce costs.

5. Negotiate with Vendors

Identify opportunities to consolidate contracts or renegotiate pricing. Bulk licensing agreements often lead to substantial savings.

6. Train Your Teams

Ensure employees understand the tools and how to use them effectively. A well-trained team is less likely to seek unauthorized solutions.

The SaaS and AI boom brings both opportunity and risk. As organizations grapple with unprecedented sprawl in 2024, the key to staying secure lies in visibility, governance, and proactive management. You can transform SaaS sprawl from a security nightmare into a growth enabler by taking deliberate steps to address these challenges.

Ready to tame the beast?

The post The SaaS Sprawl of 2025: Tackling the Unseen Security Risks appeared first on Centraleyes.

You’ve nailed your third-party risk management (or at least you think you have). Then you take a closer look and find yourself staring at an expanding web of risk: the vendors behind your vendors, their vendors, and so on. Welcome to fourth-party risk management (FPRM)—where each layer you uncover reveals even more connections, and the potential risks multiply.

Fourth-party vendors are like your second cousins. You don’t choose them, and you probably don’t see them much. But—thanks to the shared gene pool—they’re still part of the family tree.

And just like your genes can quietly pass along “quirks” you didn’t ask for (like your great-uncle’s knack for snorting when he laughs), fourth-party vendors carry risks that can flow upstream into your business. 

It’s no wonder that frameworks like EU’s DORA and HIPAA don’t just focus on direct relationships. They require organizations to think beyond, tracing their risks outward to ensure a strong, resilient ecosystem. After all, your risk management is only as secure as the weakest link in this ever-growing chain.

Digging Deep into the Vendor Ecosystem

It’s not easy to get a clear picture of what’s really going on beneath the polished surface your vendors portray—the “external layer” they’re flaunting, so to speak. Now imagine trying to peer deeper, into the relationships they rely on but don’t often advertise. Fourth-party risk takes you into this uncharted territory, requiring oversight not just of your direct vendors but of the suppliers and service providers they depend on.

In business, this means digging past the polished sales pitch and contract terms of your third parties to assess the suppliers and service providers they’re quietly leaning on. These hidden layers can introduce operational, cybersecurity, compliance, and reputational risks you may never see coming—until they arrive uninvited.

What Is Fourth-Party Risk Management?

Fourth-party risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks introduced by the vendors or suppliers of your direct third parties. Essentially, it’s about monitoring the supply chain one layer deeper. For example:

• A cybersecurity firm you work with (third-party) might rely on a software provider (fourth-party).
• A cloud storage provider might outsource certain aspects of its service to another company.

These fourth-party relationships are often opaque, making them a blind spot for businesses that lack visibility into the extended supply chain. However, with increasing regulatory scrutiny and the rise of complex cyberattacks, it’s essential to incorporate fourth-party vendor risk management into your strategy.

Third-Party vs. Fourth-Party Risk

Let’s clarify the distinction:

• Third-party risk focuses on direct vendors or service providers you have a contractual relationship with.
• Fourth-party risk goes a layer deeper, examining the vendors and suppliers your third-party partners rely on to deliver their services.

For example:

If you use a cloud service provider (your third party vendor), they may rely on a data center provider or a software vendor (your fourth party vendor). A cybersecurity incident at this level can ripple through the entire supply chain, impacting your business.

The difference lies in visibility and control—while you can directly assess and monitor third parties, managing fourth-party supplier risk often requires indirect strategies.

The Layered Effect of Fourth-Party Risk

In fourth-party risk, each vendor doesn’t add to potential risks. It multiplies the risk. 

This is what I mean: if you’re managing 10 third-party vendors, each one of those vendors is likely relying on several suppliers or subcontractors to fulfill their part of the deal. So instead of managing just 10 relationships, you’re multiplying the number of potential risks by the number of suppliers or subcontractors each vendor relies on.

For example:

• 10 third-party vendors
• Each depends on 10 suppliers (this number can vary greatly)
• That means you’re now dealing with 100 additional relationships just from those ten vendors alone.

This multiplicative effect means that even a relatively small supply chain can have a huge number of indirect connections—and that requires careful management.

Why Fourth-Party Risk Management Matters

Fourth parties can pose a host of hidden risks, including:

• Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities: A breach at the fourth-party level can compromise sensitive data.
• Compliance Gaps: Regulatory requirements often extend to third and fourth parties, leaving you liable for violations.
• Operational Risks: Downtime or disruptions at the fourth-party level can directly affect your services.
• Reputational Damage: Publicized failures in the extended supply chain can erode trust in your brand.

Third-Party vs. Fourth-Party Risks: What’s the Difference?

Aspect	Third-Party Risks	Fourth-Party Risks
Definition	Risks posed by vendors you directly engage with.	Risks introduced by your vendors’ vendors.
Visibility	Easier to monitor through contracts and direct oversight.	Often harder to detect due to lack of direct relationships.
Examples	Data breaches at your cloud provider.	Breaches at your cloud provider’s subcontractor.
Control	Stronger contractual and operational control.	Limited control; reliant on third parties for monitoring.

While third-party risks are typically well-managed, fourth-party risks often slip under the radar due to their indirect nature. However, adopting a 4th-party system can provide the tools and frameworks to manage these risks effectively.

Strategies for Effective Fourth-Party Risk Management

1. Enhance Visibility Across the Supply Chain

Mapping your vendor ecosystem is the first step. Platforms like Centraleyes provide visibility into the network of third and fourth parties, identifying dependencies and potential vulnerabilities.

Key actions:

• Use advanced tools to automate vendor relationship mapping.
• Request detailed third-party risk management reports from your vendors.

2. Leverage Contractual Controls

Contracts with third parties can extend your oversight to fourth parties. Include clauses requiring:

• Disclosure of critical fourth-party relationships.
• Notification of any changes in fourth-party suppliers.
• Access to audit reports and cybersecurity assessments.

3. Integrate Fourth-Party Monitoring into Your TPRM Program

Your third-party risk management (TPRM) monitoring framework should include fourth-party considerations. Best practices include:

• Reviewing vendor SOC 2 reports to assess their vendor management practices.
• Monitoring changes in your third parties’ subcontractors and their performance.

4. Prioritize Critical Fourth Parties

Not all fourth parties pose the same risk. Focus on those tied to critical business functions or high-risk activities. For instance:

• Fourth parties managing sensitive customer data.
• Subcontractors providing key IT infrastructure or services.

5. Conduct Regular Risk Assessments

Continuous assessment is vital. Tools like automated questionnaires, performance reviews, and real-time monitoring help keep tabs on your extended vendor network.

6. Collaborate with Vendors on Risk Mitigation

Fourth-party risk isn’t solely your responsibility. Work with your vendors to:

• Strengthen their TPRM programs.
• Address gaps in their vendor oversight practices.

Fourth-Party Risk Management: Practical Impacts by Sector

Financial Institutions: DORA and Beyond

The Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) in the EU sets a gold standard for operational resilience, emphasizing not just third-party oversight but the entire supply chain of service providers. Financial institutions are tasked with ensuring their vendors have robust risk management practices, including oversight of critical subcontractors.

• Financial organizations assess their vendors’ sub-outsourcing agreements to determine if these fourth parties meet resilience standards. This involves ensuring financial data isn’t compromised during transmission, storage, or processing at multiple points in the chain.
• DORA requires contingency planning for critical ICT service failures, even if the problem arises at the fourth-party level. Banks also conduct regular stress tests of these extended vendor relationships, mimicking real-world disruptions.

Healthcare: HIPAA, GDPR, and the Critical Data Web

In healthcare, patient privacy and data security dominate regulatory concerns. Both HIPAA (in the U.S.) and GDPR (in Europe) mandate that organizations ensure the security of sensitive data, even when outsourced to vendors or their subcontractors.

• Healthcare providers often work with electronic health record (EHR) systems managed by third-party vendors. Fourth parties—such as cloud storage providers for these EHR systems—are vetted to confirm they comply with encryption, access control, and breach notification requirements.
• Breach reporting frameworks like GDPR Article 28 specifically require that data controllers (healthcare entities) ensure contracts extend data protection obligations to processors and their subcontractors.

Technology: Managing Dependencies in the Cloud

The tech industry’s reliance on open-source software and cloud-based services creates sprawling ecosystems. Frameworks like ISO/IEC 27001 and SOC 2 encourage organizations to look beyond their immediate suppliers to fourth parties like open-source library maintainers or upstream cloud service providers.

• Organizations perform dependency mapping to identify critical services that could cascade failures downstream. For example, if a cloud service vendor relies on a fourth-party DNS provider, companies assess both parties for reliability.
• Many tech companies employ software composition analysis (SCA) tools to scan for vulnerabilities in third- and fourth-party dependencies, reducing risks tied to supply chain attacks like Log4j.

Retail: Payment Systems and Logistics

Retailers depend heavily on payment processors, logistics companies, and marketing platforms. A hiccup at the fourth-party level—such as a failure at a logistics vendor’s subcontracted warehouse—can trigger supply chain bottlenecks and financial losses.

• Retailers rely increasingly on real-time monitoring tools to track delivery performance and uptime of payment system.
• Some retail frameworks, like PCI DSS, require vendors to ensure secure cardholder data environments in-house and across downstream partners.

Critical Infrastructure: National Security at Stake

In critical industries like energy, telecommunications, and water systems, fourth-party risk extends to national security. The NIS 2 Directive in Europe and similar U.S. initiatives stress oversight of extended supply chains.

• Risk management frameworks include mandating contractual flow-down clauses that enforce the same security protocols for subcontractors.
• Many entities are now required to file incident reports for disruptions caused by downstream providers, even if they aren’t directly under contract.

How Technology Simplifies Fourth-Party Risk Management

Modern risk management platforms like Centraleyes simplify the complexity of fourth-party systems. Here’s how:

• Centralized Dashboards: Gain a comprehensive view of your vendor network.
• Automated Insights: Receive alerts about potential fourth-party risks.
• Scalability: Manage risk across hundreds of third- and fourth-party relationships.

Such platforms empower businesses, especially banks, to maintain compliance while proactively addressing emerging risks in their extended supply chains.

Centraleyes provides the visibility security teams need to tackle this challenge head-on. Its platform dives into the layers of your supply chain, offering clarity on fourth-party relationships that were once obscured. This capability is particularly crucial for:

• Banking: Exposing risks in payment processing systems, cloud infrastructure, or outsourced development teams.
• Healthcare: Identifying vulnerabilities in EHR platforms, data storage services, or compliance with HIPAA requirements through your vendors’ networks.

By uncovering these hidden layers, Centraleyes helps security teams proactively address risks and reinforce resilience where it matters most. 

Why stop at third-party assessments when the next layer could pose an even greater threat? 

Centraleyes equips you with acute visibility into your vendor ecosystem.

The post Best Fourth-Party Risk Management Strategies: Safeguard Your Business from Hidden Risks appeared first on Centraleyes.

In a concerning development for healthcare cybersecurity, the FDA and CISA have issued urgent advisories about two critical patient monitors found to have severe security vulnerabilities: the Contec CMS8000 and Epsimed MN-120 models.

These devices, widely used for remote monitoring of patients in hospitals and at home, are now at risk due to several alarming backdoor flaws, including:

• Hard-coded IP addresses and credentials: making the devices easy targets for cyber attackers.
• Remote code execution vulnerabilities: enabling attackers to potentially take control of the device.
• Patient data exposure risks: leaving sensitive health information open to compromise.

The Serious Threat to Patient Care

These vulnerabilities are not just theoretical risks—they pose real threats to both patient data privacy and operational healthcare safety. A compromised patient monitor could result in tampered vital readings or unauthorized access to personal health information.

Perhaps the most alarming aspect? There is currently no patch available to address these security flaws.

What Can Be Done?

While the lack of a software fix creates an urgent problem, healthcare providers and patients must act swiftly:

• Healthcare Providers: Review your use of these devices and evaluate whether local, non-networked monitoring solutions are safer for high-risk patients.
• Patients: Contact your healthcare provider if you are using one of these devices at home. Discuss potential alternatives or monitoring solutions.
• Security Professionals: Implement network monitoring to detect unusual activity and secure connected healthcare devices at all possible endpoints.

Healthcare devices have historically lagged behind in security compared to other connected systems. This situation underscores the need for more robust security frameworks and proactive device hardening in the healthcare industry.

When a patch isn’t an option, the response must shift toward containment and prevention strategies to minimize risk exposure.

We’ll continue to monitor this situation and provide updates as they become available.

The post Security Flaw Found in Patient Monitors: No Fix Yet appeared first on Centraleyes.

Incident Response: From Reactive to Proactive Strategies

In the early days of IR, teams responded only after an incident. Fast forward to today: IR teams are getting ahead of the game, much like emergency responders who train, test and adapt constantly. Proactivity is the new norm, and cybersecurity incident response services today are designed to respond to and anticipate attacks.

The Tech Transformation: Leveraging Big Data for Insights

Organizations are swimming in data. The biggest challenge is not collecting it but making sense of it! With data pouring in from devices, apps, and systems, threat detection has leveled up. The IR world has moved from Morse code to instant messaging; things are now faster, clearer, and way more actionable. Today’s cybersecurity incident response processes bring machine learning and AI into the mix, helping security teams cut through noise to spot threats.

From Isolated Threats to Organized Cybercrime

The adversaries we face have changed, too. In a field once dominated by isolated criminals, cyber threats now come from an organized crime industry. This change demands that cybersecurity incident response forensic tools help prepare for adversaries with deeper pockets, broader capabilities, and a relentless pursuit of targets across sectors. 

Fortunately, modern tools are up to the task.

Integrating Cybersecurity Incident Response Steps into your Business

To manage cyber risk, today’s incident response needs to be more than a security silo. Increasingly, businesses recognize that cyber incidents impact every aspect of operations and reputation. Consequently, cybersecurity incident response plans are deeply integrated into business practices to help organizations adapt to shifting compliance demands, supply chain dependencies, and vendor relationships.

The Top 9 Incident Response Platforms

Here’s a close look at the top nine incident response platforms:

1. Splunk Phantom

Overview: Splunk Phantom is a SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) platform that excels in automating playbooks and managing workflows. It enables security teams to streamline their incident response processes effectively.

Core Features:

• Automates repetitive tasks to improve response speed.
• Centralizes alerts from multiple sources for a unified view.
• Offers powerful data visualization and reporting tools.

2. KnowBe4

Overview: KnowBe4 specializes in cybersecurity awareness training, which is crucial for minimizing human error in the incident response process. Their training modules and phishing simulations help prepare employees for real-world threats.

Core Features:

• Conducts phishing simulations to gauge employee awareness.
• Provides interactive training tailored to specific organizational needs.
• Delivers detailed reports on user behavior and training effectiveness.

3. Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR

Overview: Cortex XDR is a detection and response platform that leverages AI-driven behavioral analytics. It provides real-time threat detection across endpoints, networks, and cloud environments.

Core Features:

• Uses machine learning to identify anomalies and potential threats.
• Offers root-cause analysis for in-depth investigation.
• Integrates seamlessly with other Palo Alto security solutions.

4. Darktrace

Overview: Darktrace utilizes machine learning to detect anomalies and identify threats that might evade traditional security measures. Its autonomous response capabilities allow for immediate containment of emerging threats.

Core Features:

• Detects unusual behaviors in network traffic using AI.
• Provides autonomous response technology for quick threat mitigation.
• Visualizes threat activity through intuitive dashboards.

5. CrowdStrike Falcon

Overview: CrowdStrike Falcon is a cloud-native endpoint protection platform that enables rapid detection, investigation, and response to threats. Its lightweight agent minimizes system performance impact.

Core Features:

• Provides real-time endpoint monitoring and threat detection.
• Integrates threat intelligence to enhance security posture.
• Offers comprehensive reporting and analytics.

6. Cisco SecureX

Overview: Cisco SecureX is a cloud-native platform that unifies visibility across network and endpoint security, integrating threat intelligence to support effective incident response.

Core Features:

• Centralizes incident management and response workflows.
• Customizable dashboards for enhanced situational awareness.
• Automated response playbooks to streamline incident handling.

7. ThreatConnect

Overview: ThreatConnect combines incident response with threat intelligence, allowing teams to organize and prioritize threat data for better decision-making and response.

Core Features:

• Aggregates threat intelligence from various sources.
• Provides playbook automation for efficient incident response.
• Facilitates collaboration among incident response teams.

8. IBM Resilient

Overview: IBM Resilient offers powerful post-incident analysis tools, enabling organizations to learn from incidents and improve their preparedness for future threats.

Core Features:

• Structured workflows and playbooks for effective incident management.
• Integration with various security tools for comprehensive data aggregation.
• Detailed reporting capabilities for post-incident analysis.

9. Microsoft Sentinel

Overview: Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native SIEM and SOAR solution that centralizes data for comprehensive incident tracking, aiding detection and response efforts.

Core Features:

• Collects and correlates data across Azure and on-premises environments.
• Utilizes AI for threat detection and investigation.
• Offers customizable workflows and automated response capabilities.

User Feedback

We’ve aggregated user feedback in the following table for quick reference:

Platform	Positive Feedback	Challenges
Splunk Phantom	Customizable automation reduces manual work, enhancing response speed.	Complex setup requires highly skilled staff.
KnowBe4	Effective training content simulates real-world scenarios, keeping employees engaged.	Limited customization options and not suited as a technical IR tool.
Palo Alto Cortex XDR	Strong AI capabilities and useful threat intelligence integration for identifying complex threats.	A high learning curve and premium pricing may limit accessibility for smaller organizations.
Darktrace	Valuable visualization, insights, and autonomous response capabilities allow for real-time threat containment.	High sensitivity can result in false positives, leading to alert fatigue.
CrowdStrike Falcon	Easy deployment with low system impact, cloud-native design enables scalability.	Pricing may be prohibitive for SMBs, and some integrations with other IR tools are lacking.
Cisco SecureX	Integrates well within the Cisco ecosystem and automates repetitive tasks to save time.	Limited functionality for non-Cisco environments and requires advanced configuration skills.
ThreatConnect	Intuitive dashboards and customizable threat intelligence feeds streamline responses.	High costs and complexity in integration with other security tools, suited for larger organizations.
IBM Resilient	Strong post-incident reporting and structured workflows improve incident tracking.	The initial setup is complex, and there is a steep learning curve for those new to IBM’s systems.
Microsoft Sentinel	Flexible and scalable within Azure, with effective automation features for managing alerts.	Cross-platform integrations are limited; Azure-focused optimizations may not suit multi-cloud setups.

Open Source Cybersecurity Incident Response Tools

Open-source tools empower security teams to take control of their incident response processes without the burden of licensing fees, allowing them to allocate resources more effectively. The transparency of open-source solutions enables organizations to scrutinize the code, ensuring that their chosen tools meet specific security and compliance requirements.

Licensed tools come with customer support and polished interfaces but may lack the same level of customization.

1. Apache Metron

Apache Metron is an open-source big data analytics platform tailored for security monitoring and threat detection. Developed to support large-scale data analysis, Metron allows incident response teams to process and interpret massive volumes of security telemetry and log data in real-time.

Core Features:

• Processes and ingests high volumes of log data, network telemetry, and threat intelligence information.
• Integrates seamlessly with Apache Kafka and HDFS for data management and storage.
• Uses Apache Storm for real-time streaming analytics and processing.
• Equipped with a rules engine for defining and automating detection use cases.
• Enhances data context by adding enriched metadata to security events and logs.

2. Elastic Security

Elastic Security, part of the Elastic Stack (previously known as the ELK Stack), is an open-source SIEM and endpoint protection solution. Known for its speed and flexibility, it centralizes security data, supports threat hunting, and manages alerts from a unified interface.

Core Features:

• Aggregates and indexes data from various sources, such as network devices, endpoints, and applications.
• Utilizes Elasticsearch’s powerful query language for advanced search and filtering.
• Provides built-in detection rules and machine learning jobs for threat detection and alerting.
• Includes customizable Kibana dashboards for visualizing data and gaining security insights.
• Supports endpoint monitoring and host-based intrusion detection via Elastic Agent.

3. Graylog

Graylog is a powerful log management and analysis tool. As an open-source solution, it’s widely adopted by incident response teams for centralized log monitoring.

Core Features:

• Centralized Log Collection: Collects logs from various sources, enabling a cohesive view.
• Customizable Dashboards: Visualize data with widgets to track security metrics and trends.
• Event Alerting: Categorizes logs and provides real-time alerts for suspicious activity.

4. GRR Rapid Response

GRR is an open-source, scalable platform for remote incident response and live forensics. It’s favored for quick triaging of incidents across distributed systems.

Core Features:

• Cross-Platform Compatibility: Operates on Windows, Linux, and macOS.
• Remote Forensics: Allows live memory and file analysis without physical access.
• Comprehensive Artifact Collection: Gathers digital forensic data, such as registry files, memory dumps, and file histories.
• API Access: Uses RESTful APIs for managing collected data and for client interaction.
• Automated Monitoring: Schedules recurring tasks for continuous endpoint assessment.

5. OSSEC (Open Source Security)

OSSEC is a free, open-source host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) that monitors logs, performs rootkit detection, and alerts administrators to suspicious behavior. It’s a widely used security monitoring tool that complements incident response strategies by identifying potential threats.

Core Features:

• File Integrity Monitoring: Tracks changes to critical files, including sensitive directories and configurations.
• Active Response Capabilities: Automates real-time response actions to detected threats.
• Cross-Platform: Compatible with Linux, Windows, macOS, and Unix.
• SIEM Integration: Compatible with systems like ELK for advanced log analysis and event correlation.

6. Osquery

Osquery transforms your operating system into a relational database, enabling SQL queries for real-time system analysis. It is highly adaptable for threat hunting and digital forensics.

Core Features:

• Cross-Platform Support: Works seamlessly across Windows, Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD.
• System State Analysis: Enables rapid analysis of system configurations, processes, and network connections.
• Automated Monitoring: Configurable queries run at intervals for continuous insight.
• Integration-Ready: Works with platforms like Splunk and ELK for comprehensive data analytics.

7. SIFT Workstation (SANS Investigative Forensics Toolkit)

Built on Ubuntu, SIFT offers a broad suite of open-source tools for performing deep forensic analysis on systems. It’s favored by teams needing thorough examination of network and host-based data.

Core Features:

• Linux-Based Stability: Optimized for memory and performance in forensic investigations.
• Forensic Tools: Includes The Sleuth Kit, Volatility, Plaso, and Log2Timeline for comprehensive analysis.
• Virtual Appliance: Deployable as a virtual machine for ease of setup in various environments.

8. TheHive

TheHive is an open-source incident response platform designed for SOC teams. It provides a centralized workspace for case management and collaboration.

Core Features:

• Case Management: Organizes security events into structured cases for streamlined response.
• Integration with Threat Intelligence: Connects with external platforms for enriched incident context.
• Collaboration: Allows team members to share insights, assign tasks, and track incident status.
• Custom Templates: Facilitates standardized incident reports and documentation for consistent handling.

9. Velociraptor

Velociraptor is a sophisticated endpoint visibility tool, primarily used for gathering forensic data and conducting targeted investigations. It’s a strong choice for digital forensics and incident response (DFIR) teams.

Core Features:

• Continuous Monitoring: Tracks file changes, processes, and system events across endpoints.
• Customizable Queries: Uses Velociraptor Query Language (VQL) to craft tailored searches for specific artifacts.
• Multi-Endpoint Forensics: Centralizes collection from numerous devices for rapid response.
• Threat Detection: Identifies indicators of compromise (IOCs) by searching through collected forensic data.
• Centralized Storage: Aggregates data centrally, providing a full historical view for extended analysis.

The Future of IR

Today’s threats demand a proactive stance with IR tools and platforms prioritizing speed, accuracy, and integration with overall business practices. This evolution points towards a future where real-time threat prioritization and automated response become essential components of cyber resilience. 

In the face of rising complexities, solutions like Centraleyes offer businesses a pathway to strengthen their defenses, providing visibility and control over risks to help anticipate and mitigate tomorrow’s challenges before they arise.

The post 9 Best Tools for Cybersecurity Incident Response appeared first on Centraleyes.

Let’s talk about something we all grapple with daily—our relationship with data. We’re living in a time when data is both the lifeblood of businesses and a source of anxiety for consumers. People want personalization. Who doesn’t love a tailor-made experience? But they also worry about what’s happening to their data behind the scenes.

Take this example: You’re looking for a new car and mention a specific model in an email. Minutes later, you see an ad for that exact car pop up on your screen. Helpful? Maybe. Creepy? Absolutely. Scenarios like this have made people more cautious about sharing their information.

So, here’s the million-dollar question of transparency vs vulnerability: How do businesses balance security and transparency to build trust without making customers feel exposed? 

Transparency In Numbers

A study by Verizon found that while 69% of people avoid companies that experience data breaches, 45% of younger consumers are willing to share their data—for the right reasons. They want to feel safe, but they also want value in return.

It’s a dance between being open and being protective. Transparency is like inviting a guest into your home. You show them the living room and the kitchen and tell them to make themselves feel at home.

But you wouldn’t want them rummaging through your drawers.

Being transparent doesn’t mean oversharing. It means helping your customers understand what’s happening to their data and why it benefits them. Think of it as a conversation:

• “Here’s what we’re collecting.”
• “Here’s why we need it.”
• “And here’s what you get out of it.”

The Balance Between Transparency and Security

Now, this is where it gets tricky. Transparency is great, but does too much of it make your business vulnerable? Not necessarily. It’s all about how you communicate.

You don’t have to tell your customers every detail of your cybersecurity setup. But you can reassure them with statements like, “We don’t use your email content for targeted ads,” or, “We’ve implemented measures to ensure your data is safe.”

Microsoft, for example, has strict advertising policies. They don’t use sensitive data for ads or share activity data with third parties. Customers can even view what data is being used through a privacy dashboard. That’s transparency without inviting trouble.

Practical Steps for Achieving the Balance

Let’s get practical. Here’s how you can balance transparency and security:

1. Simplify your policies: Write data privacy and security policies that people can actually understand. Avoid legal jargon and be upfront.
2. Invest in cybersecurity: A strong security framework is the backbone of transparency. You can’t build trust without protecting your customers.
3. Educate your team: Transparency starts internally. Make sure your employees understand and adhere to your policies.
4. Communicate clearly: Keep customers informed about what’s happening with their data and how it benefits them.

By embedding these practices into your business model, you create an environment of trust and reliability.

Building a Culture of Transparency

The companies that are nailing this balance aren’t just doing it because the law tells them to. They’re doing it because it’s good business. Transparency builds trust, and trust builds loyalty.

What does this look like in practice?

• Be upfront: Make sure your policies on data use are easy to find and even easier to understand.
• Provide value: If you’re asking for information, make it worth the customer’s while. Save them time, give them discounts, or make their experience better.
• Keep it human: Avoid jargon. Speak to your customers as people, not just data points.

What Happens When You Get It Right

When businesses prioritize cybersecurity transparency, magic happens. Customers feel safe, so they engage more. That means better sales, more referrals, and a stronger brand.

For example, the top-performing marketers in a Microsoft study didn’t just use data—they made sure to explain how they used it. And guess what? They saw better results because of it. People don’t mind sharing when they feel it’s a two-way street.

The Impact of Regulations on Transparency

As data privacy and security concerns grow, so does the regulatory landscape. With laws like the GDPR, CCPA, and others, businesses are increasingly required to be transparent about their data practices. These regulations don’t just help protect consumers—they also push companies toward more ethical and clear data usage policies.

But it’s not just about compliance; it’s about making transparency a core part of your brand’s identity. Companies that embrace these regulations and go beyond them create a culture of trust that customers appreciate. It’s no longer enough to simply follow the rules. The companies leading the way in transparency are those who take these regulations as a baseline and build from there.

For example, GDPR requires companies to explain why they are collecting personal data, how it will be used, and how long it will be retained. However, businesses can go even further by offering detailed reports or tools that let customers control their data and consent to its use—taking transparency from a checkbox to a core value.

Data Security in a Remote World

The digital transformation and rise of remote work have made data security even more challenging. With teams scattered across the globe, sensitive information is being accessed from a variety of devices and locations, creating more potential for vulnerabilities.

This raises the question: How do you keep data secure while maintaining transparency in a world that operates beyond the traditional office walls?

The answer lies in secure access controls, data encryption, and ensuring that your transparency practices are adapted to this new environment. For example, businesses can be upfront about the tools they use to protect data, like virtual private networks (VPNs) or secure file-sharing systems, while also communicating the measures they’ve put in place to ensure that sensitive information remains protected across all devices.

By setting clear boundaries around what employees and third parties can access, companies can help customers feel more comfortable with their data usage, even if that data is being accessed in new and innovative ways.

The Role of AI in Enhancing Transparency

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a powerful tool in data management and security. With AI, businesses can automate compliance monitoring, detect data breaches in real time, and even enhance the personalization of customer experiences without compromising privacy.

However, while AI can make businesses more efficient, it also introduces new transparency challenges. How do you explain AI-driven decisions to customers, especially when those decisions impact their data or user experience?

One approach is to ensure that AI models are explainable. Providing customers with insights into how their data is being used by AI—without compromising proprietary technology—can demystify the process. AI can also be used to proactively inform customers of data updates and allow them to opt-in or opt-out of certain data uses.

Take, for example, the growing use of AI in cybersecurity. AI systems can identify potential threats to customer data faster than any human can, but businesses need to communicate clearly about how AI is being used in their security practices, ensuring customers know that their data is being protected by the latest technology.

The Cost of Transparency

Transparency might sound like a straightforward goal, but achieving it often comes with costs—both financially and operationally. Simplifying policies, investing in secure data infrastructure, and educating employees all require resources. However, the payoff is significant. Companies that take transparency seriously tend to see higher customer loyalty, better brand perception, and even a competitive edge.

How do you measure the ROI of transparency? 

While the direct financial benefits might not always be immediately visible, the long-term gains are clear: customer trust. Trust is what turns a one-time buyer into a loyal customer, and that’s a resource worth investing in.

Transparency in Data Retention

A key aspect of data transparency that many companies overlook is the importance of clearly communicating how long customer data will be stored. Today, customers are increasingly aware of the risks involved in data retention, with more people questioning why their data is kept after a service is completed.

Being clear about data retention timelines and policies helps ensure that customers feel in control of their information. For example, businesses could implement features that allow customers to delete their data at will, or they could make it easy for them to track how long their data will remain in the system.

More transparency in this area can lead to more trust, as customers feel empowered to manage their own information.

Closing Thoughts on Transparency and Security in the Digital Era

The challenge of balancing transparency and security is an ongoing journey, not a one-time solution. It requires constant attention to customer needs, regulatory requirements, and technological advancements. But by prioritizing both security and transparency, businesses can foster trust, improve customer loyalty, and create a safer digital environment for all.

The next time you’re thinking about how to approach data security, remember: It’s not just about locking things down—it’s about opening up, too. After all, the more transparent you are, the more trust you build. And in the end, trust is the most valuable currency of all.

Keep it honest, keep it simple, and always put your customers’ best interests first. That’s how you turn transparency from a challenge into your greatest strength.

The post Achieving the Perfect Balance: Security, Privacy, and Transparency in the Digital Age appeared first on Centraleyes.

Understanding CMMC Level 2 Requirements

If you’re planning on winning DoD contracts, mastering the CMMC 2.0 is likely part of your 2025 roadmap.

What does CMMC Level 2 entail? How does it differ from Level 1, and what’s the roadmap to compliance? In this guide, we’ll demystify the 17 domains, 110 practices, and offer a CMMC 2 assessment guide to bring you up to par. 

CMMC Level 2 is the intermediate cyber hygiene level for organizations handling CUI. Unlike Level 1 of the CMMC, which focuses on basic safeguards, Level 2 aligns closely with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SP 800-171 framework.

Achieving Level 2 compliance is about proving your organization’s commitment to security, paving the way for greater trust and lucrative government contracts.

Key Requirements: What You Need to Know

CMMC Level 2 introduces 110 practices grouped into 17 domains, including but not limited to:

1. Access Control (AC): Limiting access to authorized users and preventing unauthorized access.
2. Audit and Accountability (AU): Keeping a record of activities and ensuring you can trace back any security events.
3. Incident Response (IR): Establishing a robust plan to detect, report, and recover from incidents.
4. Risk Management (RM): Identifying and mitigating risks before they become costly breaches.

Each of these practices builds on NIST SP 800-171 controls, ensuring contractors meet DoD security expectations while reducing risks across the defense industrial base. We’ll explore the rest of the requirements soon.

Spotlight: Preparing for a Third-Party Assessment

Level 2 is unique because it usually requires an external audit by a certified CMMC Third-Party Assessor Organization (C3PAO). This step ensures your compliance isn’t just theoretical but actionable. Here’s how to prepare:

• Documentation: Ensure all policies, procedures, and plans are up to date and accurately reflect your practices.
• Gap Analysis: Identify areas where your existing controls fall short of CMMC Level 2 requirements.
• Training: Educate your team on CMMC standards and the importance of their role in compliance.

Four-Phase Implementation Plan of the CMMC 2.0

The CMMC 2.0 implementation follows a four-phased approach designed to ensure a smooth transition for organizations in the Defense Industrial Base (DIB). This phased rollout accounts for assessor availability and contractor preparedness.

Phase 1: Adaptation Period

• Timeline: Begins December 16, 2024, and extends for six months due to an amendment.
• Purpose: Provides contractors and organizations within the DIB additional time to align internal cybersecurity processes with the updated requirements under CMMC 2.0.
• Key Action Items:
  • Organizations should familiarize themselves with the final rule and perform a gap analysis.
  • Preparation includes addressing Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) environments, updating internal processes, and starting NIST 800-171 alignment where applicable.

Organizations preparing for third-party assessments can simplify their readiness process using tools like Centraleyes, which aligns CMMC requirements with NIST and ISO frameworks for seamless gap analysis.

Phase 2: Third-Party Assessments

• Timeline: Commences one year after Phase 1 begins, approximately mid-FY2026.
• Focus: Contractors managing CUI in most contracts will need to undergo an assessment conducted by a certified Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO).
• Details:
  • Certified C3PAOs are authorized under the CMMC Accreditation Body (CyberAB).
  • Organizations are assessed against the CMMC Level 2 framework, which mirrors the 110 controls outlined in NIST 800-171.

Phase 3: DoD-Led Level 3 Assessments

• Timeline: Begins one year after Phase 2 starts (expected FY2027).
• Scope: Applies to contracts involving the most sensitive CUI, which require a Level 3 assessment directly performed by the DoD.
• Significance: Level 3 introduces additional, stringent requirements beyond Level 2, focusing on advanced threat detection and response capabilities.

Phase 4: Full Implementation

• Timeline: Scheduled to begin one year after Phase 3 (FY2028) and span across seven years.
• Objective: Enforces full CMMC compliance across all DoD contractors handling CUI or Federal Contract Information (FCI). By this stage, all contractors within the DIB must either meet the applicable CMMC level or demonstrate alternative means of compliance.

CMMC Level 2 Controls: A Comprehensive Guide

CMMC Level 2 is a significant step up from Level 1, requiring compliance with 110 controls derived from the NIST SP 800-171 framework. These controls are grouped into 17 domains, each addressing a specific area of cybersecurity. Here’s a more in-depth overview of the domains and their key practices

1. Access Control (AC)

Focused on restricting access to authorized users, devices, and processes.

• Implement role-based access control.
• Use multifactor authentication (MFA) for sensitive systems.
• Limit access based on the principle of least privilege.

2. Awareness and Training (AT)

Ensures personnel are aware of cybersecurity risks and responsibilities.

• Conduct regular security training.
• Reinforce training for handling Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).

3. Audit and Accountability (AU)

Tracks and monitors user activities for security events.

• Enable logging of all system activities.
• Retain logs for analysis and compliance.

4. Configuration Management (CM)

Focuses on maintaining secure system configurations.

• Develop and enforce baseline configurations.
• Implement change control processes.

5. Identification and Authentication (IA)

Ensures only authenticated users and devices gain access.

• Use unique identifiers for all users and devices.
• Enforce strong password policies.

6. Incident Response (IR)

Prepares organizations to detect, respond to, and recover from incidents.

• Develop and test an incident response plan (IRP).
• Report incidents to the appropriate DoD channels.

7. Maintenance (MA)

Covers secure system maintenance processes.

• Perform maintenance under supervision or using vetted tools.
• Restrict and monitor remote maintenance.

8. Media Protection (MP)

Protects data stored on digital and physical media.

• Encrypt CUI when stored on removable media.
• Implement media disposal procedures to prevent data leaks.

9. Personnel Security (PS)

Ensures trusted personnel handle sensitive information.

• Screen employees before granting access to CUI.
• Remove access immediately when personnel leave.

10. Physical Protection (PE)

Secures physical access to facilities and systems.

• Limit facility access to authorized individuals.
• Monitor and control physical entry points.

11. Risk Management (RM)

Establishes processes for identifying and mitigating risks.

• Conduct regular risk assessments.
• Implement a risk management strategy.

12. Security Assessment (CA)

Validates the effectiveness of security controls.

• Perform regular security assessments.
• Document and remediate any deficiencies.

13. System and Communications Protection (SC)

Ensures secure data transmission and communication.

• Encrypt CUI during transmission.
• Monitor and control external communications.

14. System and Information Integrity (SI)

Focuses on identifying and responding to system vulnerabilities.

• Deploy antivirus and anti-malware tools.
• Monitor systems for unauthorized changes.

15. Asset Management (AM)

(New domain in CMMC 2.0) Identifies and tracks assets that process CUI.

• Maintain an up-to-date inventory of hardware and software.

16. Recovery (RE)

(New domain in CMMC 2.0) Focuses on maintaining resilience.

• Implement backup and disaster recovery procedures.

17. Situational Awareness (SA)

(New domain in CMMC 2.0) Strengthens threat monitoring.

• Use threat intelligence to bolster defenses.

The Relationship Between DFARS and CMMC 2.0

To fully understand the role of CMMC 2.0 in the defense contracting landscape, it’s essential to discuss its connection to the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS). DFARS is the set of regulations that govern the acquisition process for the Department of Defense (DoD). It provides the legal and contractual framework within which CMMC 2.0 operates.

DFARS Clause 252.204-7012

One of the key DFARS clauses, 252.204-7012, requires contractors to implement the security requirements outlined in NIST SP 800-171 to protect Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).

This clause has been a foundational element of cybersecurity compliance for DoD contractors since 2017. Contractors must:

• Report Cyber Incidents: Report any cyber incidents to the DoD within 72 hours.
• Provide Media for Analysis: Share affected systems or data with the DoD for forensic analysis when required.

However, enforcement of these requirements has historically been inconsistent, as many contractors self-attested without verification of their compliance with the NIST SP 800-171.

DFARS Clause 252.204-7020

DFARS introduced clause 252.204-7020 to address enforcement issues, which requires contractors to undergo assessments of their implementation of NIST SP 800-171. These assessments use the DoD Assessment Methodology, which assigns a score to reflect the contractor’s compliance level. This scoring system ties directly to the Supplier Performance Risk System (SPRS), where scores are submitted and used to evaluate a contractor’s eligibility for DoD contracts.

How CMMC 2.0 Builds on DFARS

CMMC 2.0 was introduced to bolster the existing DFARS framework by adding a CMMC level 2 certification process, not just an assessment. While DFARS relies on self-assessments and spot checks, CMMC 2.0 formalizes and verifies compliance through the following mechanisms:

1. Three Levels of Certification: CMMC 2.0 introduces a tiered model that aligns with DFARS requirements:

• Level 1 (Foundational): Basic Federal Contract Information (FCI) safeguards, similar to FAR Clause 52.204-21.
• Level 2 (Advanced): Intermediate cyber hygiene practices aligned with NIST SP 800-171 for protecting CUI.
• Level 3 (Expert): Advanced cybersecurity requirements aligned with NIST SP 800-172 for contractors handling the most sensitive information.

2. Independent Verification: For contracts requiring CMMC Level 2 or Level 3, third-party assessments by Certified Third-Party Assessor Organizations (C3PAOs) are required to verify CMMC level 2 compliance. This goes beyond DFARS’ self-assessment model, ensuring greater accountability.

3. Integration with SPRS: CMMC 2.0 ties directly to the DFARS requirements for reporting NIST SP 800-171 scores to SPRS. For non-priority contracts at Level 2, contractors may self-assess and upload their scores to SPRS. For priority contracts, third-party audits ensure compliance.

Centraleyes: Your CMMC 2.0 Accelerator

Centraleyes is your partner in tackling CMMC 2.0 complexities, whether you’re a contractor, MSP, or compliance team leader. From multi-tenant management to cross mappings, we make compliance efficient and scalable.

• Multi-Tenant Management: For MSPs and MSSPs, Centraleyes offers a centralized dashboard to oversee multiple clients simultaneously. Track compliance progress, identify gaps, and ensure consistent adherence to CMMC standards across clients without juggling multiple systems.
• Comprehensive Framework Integration: Centraleyes aligns CMMC requirements with other key frameworks, enabling seamless gap analyses and actionable insights.
• Efficiency and Scalability: With automation-driven processes, you save time and resources.

By partnering with Centraleyes, MSPs and MSSPs can elevate their offerings, providing clients with proactive compliance solutions while maintaining operational efficiency. 

Ready to accelerate your CMMC journey? Schedule a demo.

The post How to Meet CMMC Level 2 Requirements appeared first on Centraleyes.

One of the most pivotal decisions an organization faces is whether to build an in-house Security Operations Center (SOC) or outsource security operations to a Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP). While the choice may seem straightforward at first glance, the long-term implications—on finances, operations, and risk management—are anything but simple.

Like all things in life, both options come with their own set of advantages and challenges. Your decision will hinge on your organization’s risk tolerance, resource availability, and strategic vision. Let’s dive into the critical factors to consider.

In-House SOC: Total Control with Long-Term Commitments

Building an in-house SOC gives you unparalleled control over your security operations. This model involves hiring dedicated teams, investing in cutting-edge tools, and developing processes tailored to your unique business environment.

Advantages

• Organizational Context: An in-house team knows your systems, people, and workflows better than any external party ever could. This reduces response times and enables precise remediation.
• Customization: With full control, you can create tailored security protocols aligned with your organization’s goals.
• Data Ownership: Sensitive data remains entirely within your organization, alleviating third-party access concerns.

Challenges

• Costs: The financial burden is significant—hiring skilled talent, maintaining technology, and providing continuous training is expensive.
• Talent Retention: Cybersecurity professionals are in high demand, and burnout is a real threat. Losing key staff can disrupt operations.
• Scalability: As your organization grows, your SOC must scale accordingly, which can be costly and complex.

Long-Term Perspective

While the upfront costs are high, an in-house SOC can become a strategic asset over time, offering deeper insights into your organization’s security posture and more precise threat management. However, you need to be prepared for the ongoing investments required to stay ahead of evolving cyber threats.

MSSP: Outsourced Expertise with Built-In Flexibility

For organizations looking for a simpler, less resource-intensive solution, outsourcing to an MSSP can be an attractive alternative. MSSP IT services offer 24/7 monitoring, incident response, and access to advanced tools—often at a lower upfront cost.

Advantages

• Expertise on Demand: MSSPs bring specialized knowledge and cutting-edge technology to the table, often including SOC-as-a-Service capabilities.
• Cost-Effective: Managed SOC pricing is typically more predictable, with flexible models that align with your budget.
• Scalability: As your security needs evolve, MSSPs can adjust their services to match.

Challenges

• Lack of Context: MSSPs may struggle to fully grasp your organization’s unique environment, which can slow down incident response.
• Dependency: Relying heavily on a third party means losing some control over critical security decisions.
• Ticket Overload: Some MSSPs function more like “TSSPs” (Ticket Security Service Providers), leaving your internal team to close tickets rather than solving problems directly.

Long-Term Perspective

While MSSPs can quickly bolster your security capabilities, their effectiveness depends on strong collaboration. Without clear communication and defined mandates, you risk creating gaps in your security posture.

Cost Implications

Financial considerations remain a significant factor in the MSSP vs. SOC debate. According to a study done by Ponemon, the average annual cost of operating an in-house SOC is approximately $2.84 million, while outsourcing to an MSSP averages around $1.42 million. This substantial cost difference makes MSSPs an attractive option for organizations seeking comprehensive security solutions without the financial burden of maintaining an in-house team.

Community Perspectives

Community discussions among cybersecurity professionals reveal diverse opinions on the choice between in-house Security Operations Centers (SOCs) and Managed security operations. One professional with experience in building and managing SOCs shares a clear preference: “Unless your org is really big and complex, you should 100% go with an MSSP. Security Ops requires too many resources to build from scratch.” 

On the other hand, MSSPs often bring a distinct advantage: their teams are accustomed to handling diverse and complex security environments across multiple clients. This exposure requires MSSPs to maintain a broader skill set, enabling them to manage a wide range of threats and compliance needs effectively. However, this also means their teams face intense workloads, which could impact the personalized attention they can provide.

These contrasting perspectives highlight the need for organizations to weigh their internal capabilities, risk appetite, and long-term goals when deciding between an in-house SOC and outsourcing managed security services. Both options offer unique benefits, but the right choice depends on aligning your security approach with your organization’s needs.

Market Growth and Adoption

The managed security services market is experiencing significant growth. Valued at $27.2 billion in 2022, it is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.4% from 2023. This expansion reflects a growing trend among organizations to outsource security operations, driven by the increasing complexity of cyber threats and the need for specialized expertise.

Compliance Considerations: A Factor Not to Overlook

For industries like healthcare, finance, and energy—where compliance requirements are both rigorous and non-negotiable—the choice between an in-house SOC and an MSSP can significantly impact regulatory adherence and operational resilience.

1. Audit Readiness: The Case for an In-House SOC

An in-house SOC offers granular control over logs, reports, and incident data, which is invaluable for compliance audits:

• Tailored Reporting: Internal teams can align reports precisely with standards like HIPAA, PCI DSS, or SOX, streamlining audits.
• Proactive Documentation: Familiarity with your systems enables teams to document and anticipate potential compliance gaps.
• Real-Time Access: With direct control, auditors can quickly access detailed logs and evidence, ensuring smoother audits.

2. Third-Party Risk: The Double-Edged Sword of MSSPs

While MSSPs provide expertise, they also introduce third-party risks:

• Due Diligence: Thorough vetting is essential to ensure MSSPs comply with relevant standards and certifications like ISO 27001 or SOC 2.
• Data Sovereignty Concerns: For industries with strict localization rules, MSSPs must align with legal data handling requirements.
• Shared Responsibility Models: Clear contracts defining compliance responsibilities are critical to avoid audit gaps.

Can You Have The Best of Both Worlds?

For many organizations, a hybrid approach strikes the perfect balance. By blending in-house expertise with outsourced support, you can tailor your cybersecurity operations to meet specific needs. For example:

• Outsource Lower-Tier Tasks: Use MSSPs for routine monitoring while keeping strategic decision-making in-house.
• Specialized Expertise: Partner with MSSPs for niche areas like threat intelligence or compliance reporting.
• On-Demand Resources: Leverage third-party consultants for large-scale projects or audits.

The key to a successful hybrid model is clearly delineating responsibilities and fostering strong partnerships with your MSSP.

Third-Party Risk: The Double-Edged Sword of MSSPs

While MSSPs provide expertise and flexibility, they also introduce third-party risks that can be disastrous if not properly managed. One glaring example is the 2020 SolarWinds cyberattack.

In this case, hackers infiltrated SolarWinds’ Orion software, which was used by numerous MSSPs to monitor their clients’ networks. These MSSPs, relying on the Orion platform for security, unknowingly spread the compromise to their clients, exposing sensitive systems and data. What was supposed to be a security solution quickly became the perfect attack vector.

This incident highlights how relying on third-party service providers—especially those with deep access to your systems—can turn into a major vulnerability. It emphasizes the importance of rigorous vetting, ongoing monitoring, and clear contractual agreements to mitigate such risks. When choosing an MSSP, it’s critical to ensure they meet all necessary compliance standards

The Role of Technology in the SOC vs. MSSP Decision

Technology is the great equalizer in the SOC as a service vs. MSSP debate. For in-house SOCs, advanced tools like AI-driven threat detection and automated workflows can make small teams highly effective. The challenge is ensuring continuous investment to stay ahead of emerging threats.

MSSPs leverage their scale to offer enterprise-grade technologies, such as Extended Detection and Response (XDR) platforms, to clients of all sizes. However, this shared infrastructure might limit customization. Regardless of your model, the right tools can bridge expertise gaps and streamline operations, ensuring both compliance and agility.

Questions to Ask When Choosing Between In-House SOC and MSSPs

1. Does your organization have the resources to manage compliance in-house, or will an MSSP’s expertise lighten the burden?
2. Can the MSSP demonstrate a proven track record of regulatory compliance in your industry?
3. How will third-party risks be mitigated, and what contractual safeguards can you implement?
4. What level of visibility will you retain over compliance data and reporting?
5. How adaptable is the MSSP’s approach to evolving regulations?
6. What is the response time for compliance-related issues or audits?
7. What’s the cost of non-compliance for your organization?
8. How will the MSSP handle incident management in compliance-critical scenarios?
9. Does the MSSP leverage automated tools to streamline compliance?
10. How will the MSSP support specific frameworks or standards relevant to your operations?

Final Word

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer to the SOC vs. MSSP debate. The right choice depends on your organization’s unique needs, risks, and long-term goals. Whether you go in-house, outsource, or adopt a hybrid model, aligning your cybersecurity strategy with your business objectives is key.

Centraleyes specializes in providing cutting-edge solutions for cyber services that MSSPs deliver, helping organizations achieve seamless compliance and operational excellence.

The post SOC vs MSSP: Which is Right for Your Business? appeared first on Centraleyes.

What is the Information Security Manual (ISM)?

The Information Security Manual (ISM) is a cybersecurity framework developed by the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) to help organizations protect their IT and operational technology systems, applications, and data from cyber threats. The ISM is relevant to industries like government, defense, finance, healthcare, and other sectors where sensitive data protection is critical. It is particularly aimed at Chief Information Security Officers, Chief Information Officers, cybersecurity professionals, and IT managers.

While compliance with the ISM is generally not mandatory, certain laws, regulations, or directives may require adherence. The framework is updated regularly to address evolving cyber threats and technological advancements. 

The ISM complements other cybersecurity frameworks and regulations, such as the Essential Eight strategies, offering organizations comprehensive guidance to strengthen their cybersecurity defenses.

What are the requirements for the Information Security Manual (ISM)?

To comply with the ISM, organizations need to follow a structured process that integrates into their risk management practices. Here are the key steps:

1. Define the System: Assess the type, value, and security objectives of the system by analyzing potential impacts if compromised.
2. Select Security Controls: Choose security controls that align with the organization’s security objectives.
3. Implement Security Controls: Apply the selected controls across the system.
4. Assess Security Controls: Evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented controls.
5. Authorize the System: Obtain formal approval to operate the system based on the assessed controls.
6. Monitor the System: Continuously oversee the system to ensure it remains secure and compliant.

Prerequisites for compliance often include an organizational commitment to cybersecurity, the establishment of an internal security team, and integration of security measures into all IT processes. Organizations are also encouraged to adopt related standards, such as the ASD Essential Eight, which work in tandem with the ISM.

The ASD serves as the qualifying and authorizing body for the ISM, providing regular updates and resources to guide organizations in their implementation efforts.

Why should you be Information Security Manual (ISM) compliant?

Being compliant with the ISM offers numerous benefits, including:

Enhanced Security: It mitigates risks from cyber threats, protecting intellectual property, brand reputation, and sensitive data.

Regulatory Compliance: Adhering to the ISM helps organizations meet legal and regulatory requirements, avoiding fines or penalties.

Operational Efficiency: Streamlined security practices can lead to time and cost savings.

Increased Trust: Compliance enhances credibility with clients, stakeholders, and partners, potentially opening new business opportunities.

Failing to comply with the ISM poses significant risks, such as:

Financial Losses: Australian small businesses have faced average costs of $50,000 per cyber attack.

Legal Penalties: Under the Privacy Act, penalties for serious data breaches can reach up to $2.1 million.

Reputational Damage: A cyber incident can erode customer trust and harm brand image.

Operational Disruptions: A breach can lead to downtime and additional recovery costs.

In summary, ISM compliance is a proactive step toward robust cybersecurity, enabling organizations to protect themselves from evolving cyber threats while maintaining trust and regulatory alignment.

ISM and the RFFR

The Recoverable, Fit-for-Purpose, and Resilient (RFFR) requirement is designed to guide Australian government agencies in building systems that support the secure delivery of services and protect national interests. Compliance with RFFR principles is mandatory for Australian government entities, ensuring their information systems remain resilient, reliable, and adaptable in the face of evolving threats. It emphasizes building and maintaining systems that are secure, robust, and capable of supporting critical functions under adverse conditions.

The Information Security Manual (ISM) is a key resource that supports this requirement, providing detailed guidelines and controls to help organizations achieve the RFFR objectives. While the ISM is not mandatory for all organizations, it is a requirement for Australian government agencies and serves as a best-practice framework for others. By implementing the ISM, organizations align their security practices with the RFFR’s focus on operational security, recovery, and resilience.

How do I achieve compliance with the Information Security Manual (ISM)?

Using the Centraleyes platform, organizations can significantly accelerate their path to compliance. The automation of assessment, remediation, risk analysis, combined with the platform’s intuitive interface and real-time tracking, allows businesses to achieve measurable progress immediately. The Centraleyes platform provides a built-in ISM assessment, allowing you to choose controls by ID, category or function, and provides remediation tasks, as well as smart-mapping to the Essential Eight and other important frameworks.

By leveraging the Centraleyes platform, organizations not only simplify the process of achieving ISM compliance but also gain a robust foundation for long-term cybersecurity resilience. This ensures they remain compliant, secure, and adaptable in the face of emerging cyber threats.

Read more: https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/essential-cyber-security/ism

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Security teams face hundreds—sometimes thousands—of alerts every day.  Real threats are mixed with low-risk noise, but separating the two can take hours of manual cross-checking across systems, reviewing logs, and chasing down known false positives. It’s a rhythm that quickly leads to exhaustion, and it’s not hard to see why alert fatigue is one of the biggest challenges security teams face.

SOAR—Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response—takes repetitive tasks off your team’s plate, automating response playbooks, enhancing incident management, and even analyzing patterns over time.

Which SOAR solution is best suited for your organization? Soon, we’ll look at the top 12 SOAR platforms and what each offers.

What is a SOAR Platform?

A SOAR platform (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) is like the command center for your security operations. Think of it as your security team’s “easy button” for handling the repetitive and time-consuming tasks involved in monitoring, responding, and mitigating threats. Unlike other tools that focus on collecting and analyzing data (like SIEMs), SOAR platform cybersecurity is designed to take action—automatically and at scale.

SOAR platforms integrate and orchestrate multiple tools—like Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR), Threat Intelligence, Vulnerability Management, and more—bringing everything under one roof. They streamline workflows by automating complex processes, creating playbooks for common incident responses, and using threat intelligence to prioritize real threats over false alarms.

What Does S-O-A-R Mean?

SOAR, which stands for Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response, brings together the essential elements to supercharge your security team’s capabilities. Here’s a look at how each letter of the acronym contributes to a smoother, faster, and smarter approach to security.

• S: Security

SOAR platforms are built to keep security front and center, providing a solid foundation to manage threats. With SOAR, all your tools and insights come together in one place, streamlining defenses and making it easier to detect, analyze, and act on threats—all from a single command center.

• O: Orchestration

Orchestration syncs your tools seamlessly, turning your defenses into a powerful, coordinated response system. SOAR allows threat intelligence, endpoint protection, firewalls, and reports to communicate and share data smoothly, creating a fast-moving, unified security operation that leaves no gaps.

• A: Automation

With SOAR’s automation capabilities, routine tasks become swift, automatic processes. SOAR handles everything from threat validation to initiating responses, empowering your team to focus on critical analysis and strategy while handling the operational details on its own.

• R: Response

SOAR is action-driven at its core, meaning it doesn’t just observe; it actively responds. It swiftly executes tasks like isolating suspicious endpoints or blocking risky IPs, maintaining a consistent and quick approach to neutralizing threats. With SOAR, your team always has a trusted first responder.

SOAR vs. SIEM

Both SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) and SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) are essential tools for security teams but have unique roles in protecting your environment:

• SIEM as the Eyes: SIEM gathers, analyzes, and alerts on security data, giving teams visibility into potential threats. Think of SIEM as your “radar,” scanning for unusual activities and flagging them for review.
• SOAR as the Brain and Hands: SOAR steps in to handle those alerts. By automating responses, orchestrating workflows across tools, and even running incident playbooks, SOAR reduces manual work for your team. SOAR doesn’t just detect but acts, managing threats more quickly and consistently. This can mean blocking a malicious IP, containing a suspicious endpoint, or sending immediate alerts to stakeholders—all without waiting for human intervention.

12 Top SOAR Platforms

1. Splunk SOAR

Splunk SOAR (formerly known as Phantom) is widely known for its integration depth and flexibility. It’s built to handle complex workflows and connect easily with numerous data sources. Splunk SOAR is ideal for organizations with mixed tech stacks, providing a comprehensive solution for automating responses, running playbooks, and centralizing security operations. Plus, if your team is already using Splunk for SIEM, this is a natural extension.

Best For: Organizations needing highly customizable automation capabilities with multiple data sources.

2. Cortex XSOAR by Palo Alto Networks

A leader in endpoint and network security, Palo Alto Networks offers Cortex XSOAR, a SOAR platform with a rich library of integrations and out-of-the-box playbooks. With Cortex XSOAR, you can automate response and incident triage with built-in intelligence, making it a great choice for organizations with a variety of security tools and processes.

Best For: Enterprises looking for extensive, built-in playbooks and intelligence-powered automation.

3. IBM Security QRadar SOAR

IBM QRadar SOAR (formerly Resilient) offers end-to-end case management and a powerful orchestration engine. Known for its detailed incident response functionalities, it’s designed for use by teams looking to fine-tune every aspect of their workflows. IBM QRadar integrates smoothly with IBM’s other cybersecurity solutions, making it ideal for larger organizations with significant incident management needs.

Best For: Large enterprises focused on granular incident response and tight integration within the IBM ecosystem.

4. Siemplify (Now Part of Google Cloud)

Siemplify has gained attention for its intuitive interface and is especially appealing for managed security service providers (MSSPs). Now part of Google Cloud, Siemplify helps teams cut down on alert fatigue with tools for playbook automation and threat intelligence management. It’s especially valuable for organizations wanting to scale operations without adding headcount.

Best For: MSSPs and SOCs looking for a scalable solution for automated workflows and threat intelligence.

5. ServiceNow Security Operations

ServiceNow’s Security Operations integrates seamlessly with its IT service management platform, which is a huge benefit for organizations already using ServiceNow. The platform offers automation and orchestration capabilities specifically designed for improving security operations, incident response, and vulnerability management workflows.

Best For: Organizations deeply invested in the ServiceNow ecosystem looking to unify IT and security operations.

6. Swimlane

Swimlane stands out for its low-code automation, allowing analysts with limited programming knowledge to create and manage complex playbooks. With its flexibility and ease of customization, Swimlane is suitable for teams that want high levels of control over automation but need to avoid extensive coding.

Best For: Teams with limited coding resources seeking a highly customizable, low-code SOAR solution.

7. DFLabs (IncMan SOAR)

DFLabs IncMan SOAR is well-regarded for its advanced automation and incident response features, including the ability to build custom workflows without heavy coding. It emphasizes flexibility in response automation and is particularly useful in high-security environments that need a fully adaptable SOAR solution.

Best For: High-security industries needing granular control over incident response workflows.

8. Rapid7 InsightConnect

InsightConnect by Rapid7 is highly accessible, designed to simplify workflow automation for security teams of all sizes. It integrates well with other Rapid7 solutions, making it an efficient choice for companies already using Rapid7’s vulnerability and incident management tools. InsightConnect is also known for providing excellent pre-built playbooks and an intuitive interface.

Best For: Small to mid-sized teams or those already using Rapid7, looking for ease of setup and deployment.

9. SIRP (Security Incident Response Platform)

SIRP is an analytics-driven SOAR that emphasizes risk-based management of security incidents. It combines automation with insights into risk levels, allowing teams to prioritize incident response based on impact. This approach is valuable for organizations aiming to align incident response with overall risk management strategies.

Best For: Organizations focused on risk-based incident response with analytics-driven prioritization.

10. ThreatConnect

ThreatConnect’s unique offering is its combination of threat intelligence with orchestration and automation. Built with intelligence analysis in mind, it’s highly effective for organizations with mature threat intelligence functions, allowing for well-informed, context-rich automation.

Best For: Teams with a mature threat intelligence program needing integration between intelligence and automated response.

11. LogRhythm SOAR

LogRhythm SOAR is a powerful platform built to integrate seamlessly with LogRhythm’s NextGen SIEM solution. It’s particularly valuable for automating and streamlining security operations and compliance efforts, with easy-to-implement workflows that reduce manual tasks.

Best For: Organizations using LogRhythm’s SIEM, looking to simplify compliance and incident response.

12. FortiSOAR by Fortinet

FortiSOAR is Fortinet’s answer to complex security operations challenges. Known for its scalability and ease of integration with other Fortinet products, FortiSOAR provides centralized automation and case management. Its modular approach makes it a good choice for organizations looking to build tailored solutions that grow with their needs.

Best For: Teams heavily invested in Fortinet products needing a scalable and customizable SOAR solution.

Exploring Free and Open Source SOAR Platforms

For organizations seeking powerful automation capabilities without a large investment, free SOAR platforms are excellent options. These solutions offer flexible and customizable security orchestration tools that fit various budgets and resource levels. Open-source SOAR platforms, in particular, give organizations the freedom to tailor workflows and integrations to their unique security operations.

Some popular open-source SOAR platforms include TheHive and Shuffle, designed for teams experimenting with and implementing robust automation without heavy licensing costs. While free SOAR platforms might require more in-house setup and maintenance, they allow for high degrees of customization, making them well-suited to security teams with development expertise.

Choosing between a commercial and open-source SOAR platform depends on your organization’s needs, budget, and technical capabilities. A free SOAR platform could be an ideal starting point, giving your team powerful tools to automate repetitive tasks and streamline incident response without initial financial commitment.

When Do You Know You Need a SOAR Platform Vendor?

Here are a few indicators that it might be time for your team to bring in a SOAR solution:

• Alert Fatigue: If your team is bogged down by too many low-priority alerts, SOAR can filter and automate responses to free up analyst time.
• Repetitive Tasks: Automating simple but time-consuming tasks can significantly increase your team’s efficiency.
• Scalability Challenges: If your organization is expanding rapidly and hiring more analysts isn’t feasible, SOAR can help you handle the increased workload without adding headcount.
• Multi-Tool Ecosystem: For organizations managing a range of security tools, SOAR provides a unified platform, reducing the manual overhead of switching between solutions.

Final Word

Ready to get started with SOAR? Assess your needs carefully, and choose the solution that empowers your team to focus on high-value tasks while automating the rest. With SOAR, you’ll keep the threats at bay without burning out your security talent.

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A coordinated effort by U.S. and international law enforcement agencies has dismantled the PlugX malware network, removing it from thousands of compromised devices globally. This decisive action targeted one of the most persistent cyber threats, responsible for espionage and data theft across government, business, and dissident targets since 2008.

What Happened?

Court documents from the Eastern District of Pennsylvania reveal the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) collaborated with French law enforcement and cybersecurity experts to take down the malware, a sophisticated Remote Access Trojan (RAT) tied to a state-sponsored group known as Mustang Panda.

PlugX, which has been used extensively in Chinese state-sponsored cyber campaigns, allowed attackers to:

• Take full control of infected machines.
• Execute commands remotely.
• Steal sensitive data, including keystrokes, screen captures, and system information.

The operation, conducted under court-authorized warrants, successfully eradicated PlugX from 4,258 U.S. systems. A parallel investigation in France uncovered a botnet comprising millions of devices, further underscoring the scale of this cyber threat.

Why It Matters

PlugX has a long history of targeting critical entities, including governments, businesses, and dissident groups. Its stealth and versatility made it a preferred tool for espionage and advanced persistent threats (APTs).

The malware’s history includes its use in:

• The 2015 breach of the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, where it enabled attackers to exfiltrate sensitive data.
• Various ransomware campaigns, expanding its scope from espionage to financial crime.

PlugX’s ability to remain undetected for years highlights the vulnerabilities in traditional cybersecurity measures and the critical need for proactive defense strategies.

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