The president said his advisers would devise new tariff levels reflecting countries’ tariffs, taxes, subsidies and other policies affecting trade with the United States.

Economists warn that enacting tariffs at a time of persisting price pressures is a risky move.

India is acutely aware that trade and immigration issues are a potential double whammy. But it believes it can preserve growing ties.

As two-way trade expands, India’s surplus is growing. President Trump is expected to press Prime Minister Narendra Modi to lower tariffs.

The executive, Jim Farley, said President Trump’s tariff and auto policies would raise costs and could force the automaker to cut jobs.

Duties of 25 percent on steel and aluminum will flow through to car buyers, beer drinkers, home builders, oil drillers and other users of metal goods.

The 10 percent tariff the president said he might impose in March could cause U.S. refineries to cut production and lead to higher prices.

European leaders have said that they will respond firmly to higher levies on steel and aluminum, but they have yet to say what that retaliation will look like.

A growing number of countries, including American allies, are striking trade deals as the Trump administration erects a higher fence around its global commerce.

Amid warnings of price increases, Canada moved quickly to retaliate, China said it had planned countermeasures and Mexico said it would soon unveil its response.

The invoking of national security to unravel trade agreements could scramble the international trading system in China’s favor.

There are many reasons to regret Trump’s latest experiment with tariffs, but let’s take prices and migration.

President Trump has insisted that his new tariffs on America’s largest trading partners will not increase prices for Americans. But a review of how they work suggests that is not the case.

General Motors and a few other companies make as much as 40 percent of their North American cars and trucks in Canada and Mexico, leaving them vulnerable to tariffs.

With Canada, Mexico, China, Colombia and the Middle East, President Trump has wasted no time threatening to use American might to force recalcitrant countries to back down and do what he wants.

China chose swift retaliation for trade measures in the first Trump administration, but that led to an upward spiral of trade measures and much broader tariffs.

Manufacturers from Asia, Europe and elsewhere have poured billions into North American supply chains that could be hit by new taxes on Mexico, Canada and China.

Ties between the United States and Mexico have deepened over 30 years of free trade, creating both benefits and irritants.

Some oil refineries will probably struggle to replace imported crude oil if President Trump imposes 25 percent tariffs on products from Canada and Mexico.

The European Central Bank’s reduction, the fifth consecutive cut since last summer, came a day after the U.S. Federal Reserve held interest rates.