The nation’s health secretary announced that he planned to invite scientists to provide answers by September, but specialists consider that target date unrealistic.

© Eric Lee/The New York Times

Two significant programs that invested in research on diabetes, dementia, obesity and kidney disease have ended since the start of the Trump administration.

© Haiyun Jiang for The New York Times

The federal order temporarily halts the Trump administration’s plans to slash $4 billion in overhead costs for research at universities and medical centers into diseases like cancer.

Who needs N.I.H. grants? A lot of red-state universities, for one.

President Trump’s executive order is altering scientific exploration across a broad swath of fields, even beyond government agencies, researchers say.

Many of the frozen programs are aimed at alleviating disease and malnutrition, but even security programs with U.S. funding are shutting down.

Agencies and unions have put in place new guardrails designed to limit political interference in government research.

The administration is committing an additional $306 million toward battling the virus, and will distribute the money before President-elect Donald J. Trump takes office.